2 types of Hypertension: you should be aware of

Summary OF HYPER TENSION

→ What is the definition of blood pressure?

•  The force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries is known as blood pressure. When your heart beats, blood is pumped into your arteries. When your heart pumps blood, your blood pressure is at its peak. Systolic pressure is the term for this. Your blood pressure drops when your heart is at rest, in between beats. Diastolic pressure is the term for this.

•  These two numbers are used to calculate your blood pressure. The systolic number is usually placed before or above the diastolic number. A systolic of 120 and a diastolic of 80, for example, is 120/80.

→What is the procedure for determining high blood pressure?

• Symptoms of high blood pressure are frequently absent. The only way to know if you have it is to obtain frequent blood tests.
• Your health care practitioner can check your blood pressure. A gauge, a stethoscope or electronic sensor, and a blood pressure cuff will be used by your provider. Before establishing a diagnosis, he or she will take two or more readings at different times.

• The blood pressure reading for children and teens is compared to what is typical for other children of the same age, height, and gender.

→What are the different types of hypertension?

• Primary and secondary high blood pressure are the two basic kinds of high blood pressure.
• The most prevalent type of high blood pressure is primary, or essential, high blood pressure. The majority of persons who get this type of blood pressure do so as they get older.
• Another medical condition or the use of certain medications can produce secondary high blood pressure. It normally improves once you fix the underlying problem or stop taking the medications that are causing it.

→ Why should I be concerned about high blood pressure?

• When your blood pressure stays high over time, it causes the heart to pump harder and work overtime, possibly leading to serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure.

→What are the options for high blood pressure treatment?

• High blood pressure can be treated with both lifestyle changes and medications.
• You and your doctor will devise a treatment plan together. It could just be a change in lifestyle. Heart-healthy nutrition and exercise, for example, can be quite effective. However, the modifications may not always be enough to control or lower your high blood pressure. Then you may require medication. Blood pressure medications come in a variety of forms. Some people require more than one type of medication
• If you have high blood pressure as a result of another medical condition or medication, treating that disease or quitting the medication may help.

NIH stands for National Institute of Health.

♦ Diagnosis

• Blood pressure readings
• Blood pressure readings
• the pop-up dialog box
• Your doctor will do a physical examination and ask you questions about your medical history. A doctor, nurse, or other medical assistant will wrap an inflated arm cuff around your arm and use a pressure-measuring gauge to take your blood pressure.

To see if there is a difference in your blood pressure, you should measure it in both arms. It’s critical to utilize the correct arm cuff size.

There are various types of blood pressure measurements:

• Blood pressure is normal.

If your blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg, it is considered normal.

•  Blood pressure is high.

A systolic pressure of 120 to 129 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of less than (but not more than) 80 mm Hg are considered elevated blood pressure. Blood pressure is high.

Unless blood pressure is controlled, it tends to get worse with time. Prehypertension is another term for high blood pressure.

• Hypertension in stage one.

A systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg is considered stage 1 hypertension.

• Hypertension in stage two.

A systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, is considered stage 2 hypertension.

• A hypertensive emergency.

A blood pressure reading of 180/120 mm Hg is an emergency that necessitates immediate medical attention. Wait five minutes and recheck if you receive this result when taking your blood pressure at home. If your blood pressure remains high, seek medical help.

your doctor right away.

Call  your local emergency medical number if you have chest discomfort, vision issues, numbness or weakness, breathing difficulty, or any other signs and symptoms of a stroke or heart attack.

♥ Overview of 2 types of hypertension

• Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a frequent disorder in which the long-term force of blood against your artery walls is high enough to produce health problems such as heart disease.
• The amount of blood your heart pumps, as well as the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries, influence your blood pressure.
• Your blood pressure rises when your heart pumps more blood and your arteries narrow. The measurement of blood pressure is in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It has two digits.
• Number one (systolic pressure). When your heart beats, the first, or upper, number measures the pressure in your arteries.
• The lowest number (diastolic pressure). The second, or lower, the value represents the artery pressure.

♥ Diagnosis

• Your doctor will do a physical examination and ask you questions about your medical history. A doctor, nurse, or other medical assistant will wrap an inflated arm cuff around your arm and use a pressure-measuring gauge to take your blood pressure.
• To see if there is a difference in your blood pressure, you should measure it in both arms. It’s critical to utilize the correct arm cuff size.
• There are various types of blood pressure measurements:

Blood pressure is normal.

If your blood pressure is less than 120/80 mm Hg, it is considered normal.

Blood pressure is high.

A systolic pressure of 120 to 129 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of less than (but not more than) 80 mm Hg are considered elevated blood pressure. Unless actions are made to regulate blood pressure, elevated blood pressure tends to worsen with time. Prehypertension is another term for high blood pressure.

Hypertension in stage one.

A systolic pressure of 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg is considered stage 1 hypertension.

Hypertension in stage two.

A systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, is considered stage 2 hypertension.

A hypertensive emergency.

• A blood pressure reading of 180/120 mm Hg is an emergency that necessitates immediate medical attention. Wait five minutes and recheck if you receive this result when taking your blood pressure at home. If your blood pressure remains high, see your doctor right away. Call 911 or your local emergency medical number if you have chest discomfort, vision issues, numbness or weakness, breathing difficulty, or any other signs and symptoms of a stroke or heart attack.
  A blood pressure reading should include both numbers. However, around the age of 50, the systolic measurement becomes even more critical. Isolated systolic hypertension is characterized by a normal diastolic pressure (less than 80 mm Hg) but a high systolic pressure (more than 120 mm Hg).
• Because blood pressure varies throughout the day and might rise during a doctor visit (white coat hypertension), your doctor will most likely take multiple blood pressure measurements at three or more appointments before diagnosing you with high blood pressure.
• Home blood pressure monitoring
• To provide extra information and clarify if you have high blood pressure, your doctor may urge you to record your blood pressure at home.
• Home monitoring is a crucial tool for confirming whether you have high blood pressure, determining whether your blood pressure medicine is effective, and diagnosing worsening high blood pressure.
• Blood pressure monitors for home use are readily accessible and affordable, and they do not require a prescription. Home blood pressure monitoring isn’t a replacement for doctor appointments, and certain home blood pressure monitors have restrictions.

Use a verified device and double-check that the cuff fits. Once a year, take the monitor to your doctor’s office to have it checked for accuracy. Consult your doctor about how you might begin monitoring your blood pressure at home.

The American Heart Association does not advocate devices that measure your blood pressure at your wrist or finger since the findings can be unreliable.

Blood pressure measurement Open pop-up dialog box

• Tests If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may offer tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out any underlying causes.
• Ambulatory surveillance. This 24-hour blood pressure monitoring test determines whether or not you have high blood pressure. This test’s equipment takes your blood pressure at regular intervals throughout a 24-hour period, giving you a more realistic picture of how your blood pressure changes throughout the day and night.
• These gadgets, however, are not available in all medical locations, and they may not be covered by insurance.
• Laboratory tests A urine test (urinalysis) and blood tests, including a cholesterol test, may be recommended by your doctor.
• An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that measures the (ECG or EKG). This simple examination measures the electrical activity of your heart.

• Echocardiogram.

• According to Your doctor may arrange an echocardiography to check for more indicators of heart disease based on your symptoms and test results. Sound waves are used to create images of the heart in an echocardiogram.

Resistant hypertension treatment

You may develop resistant hypertension if your blood pressure remains stubbornly high despite using at least three different types of high blood pressure medicines, one of which should be a diuretic.

If you have regulated high blood pressure but are using four separate medications at the same time to attain that control, you’re said to have resistant hypertension. If this is the case, your doctor should look into a secondary reason of your high blood pressure.

Resistant hypertension does not guarantee that your blood pressure will never drop. If you and your doctor can figure out what’s causing your high blood pressure, you can develop a more effective treatment plan to help you reach your target.

Many processes may be involved in treating resistant hypertension, including:

• Changing your high blood pressure meds to see which combinations and amounts are most effective
• Examining all of your drugs, including ones you take for other reasons or that you bought without a prescription
• Keeping track of your blood pressure at home to observe if going to the doctor causes it to rise (white coat hypertension)
• Making healthy lifestyle adjustments such eating a low-salt diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol consumption.
• Always take your blood pressure medicine as directed.

Never miss a dosage or stop taking your blood pressure medication suddenly. Stopping certain blood pressure medications, such as beta blockers, suddenly can result in a significant increase in blood pressure (rebound hypertension).

If you forget to take your meds because you can’t afford them, you have adverse effects, or you simply forget, talk to your doctor about alternatives. Do not alter your treatment without consulting your doctor.

♦ Future treatment options

Renal denervation (catheter-based ultrasonography and radiofrequency ablation of the sympathetic nerves of the kidney) is still being researched as a treatment for resistant hypertension. Early studies suggested a benefit, but more thorough research revealed that the medication does not significantly lower blood pressure in persons with hypertension.

• Starting the DASH diet may be one of the strategies your doctor suggests for lowering your high blood pressure.
• Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (high blood pressure).

♥ The diet is straightforward:

• Increase your intake of fruits, veggies, and low-fat dairy products.
• Reduce the amount of saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fats in your diet.
• Increase your intake of whole grains, fish, poultry, and nuts.
• Sugary drinks, sweets, and red meats should all be avoided.
• 
• People on the DASH diet dropped their blood pressure in two weeks in study tests. Another diet, DASH-Sodium, recommends limiting sodium intake to 1,500 mg per day (about 2/3 teaspoon). People who followed the DASH-Sodium regimen had decreased blood pressure in studies.

• Getting Started on the DASH Diet

• The DASH diet requires a specific amount of servings from several food groups each day. Depending on how many calories you require per day, the amount of servings you require may vary.
• You can make changes gradually. Begin by restricting your salt intake to 2,400 milligrams per day (about 1 teaspoon). After your body has adjusted to the diet, reduce your sodium intake to 1,500 milligrams per day (approximately 2/3 teaspoon). These figures include all sodium consumed, including sodium from food and sodium from ingredients used in cooking or added at the table.

Diet Advice from Dash

• At lunch and dinner, include a vegetable serving.
• Fruit can be eaten as a snack or added to your meals. Canned and dried fruits are convenient, but be sure they are sugar-free.
• Use half the amount of butter, margarine, or salad dressing you normally use, and low-fat or fat-free condiments.
• When you would ordinarily use full-fat or cream, switch to low-fat or skim dairy products.
• Limit yourself to 6 ounces of beef every day. Make some vegetarian meals.
• Increase your intake of veggies and dry beans.
• Snack on unsalted pretzels or almonds, raisins, low-fat and fat-free yogurt, frozen yogurt, unsalted plain popcorn without butter, and raw veggies instead of chips or sweets.
• Check the food labels

Staying on the DASH Diet

The DASH diet suggests getting:

Grains: 7-8 daily servings

Vegetables: 4-5 daily servings

Fruits: 4-5 daily servings

Low-fat or fat-free dairy products: 2-3 daily servings

Meat, poultry, and fish: 2 or less daily servings

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