bool check(vector<vector<char>> &board, int i, int j, char val)
{
    int row = i - i%3, column = j - j%3;
    for(int x=0; x<9; x++) if(board[x][j] == val) return false;
    for(int y=0; y<9; y++) if(board[i][y] == val) return false;
    for(int x=0; x<3; x++)
    for(int y=0; y<3; y++)
        if(board[row+x][column+y] == val) return false;
    return true;
}
bool solveSudoku(vector<vector<char>> &board, int i, int j)
{
    if(i==9) return true;
    if(j==9) return solveSudoku(board, i+1, 0);
    if(board[i][j] != '.') return solveSudoku(board, i, j+1);

    for(char c='1'; c<='9'; c++)
    {
        if(check(board, i, j, c))
        {
            board[i][j] = c;
            if(solveSudoku(board, i, j+1)) return true;
            board[i][j] = '.';
        }
    }
        
    return false;
}
public:

void solveSudoku(vector<vector>& board) {

solveSudoku(board, 0, 0);

}

public class Solution {
    public void solveSudoku(char[][] board) {
        if(board == null || board.length == 0)
            return;
        solve(board);
    }
    
    public boolean solve(char[][] board){
        for(int i = 0; i < board.length; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j < board[0].length; j++){
                if(board[i][j] == '.'){
                    for(char c = '1'; c <= '9'; c++){//trial. Try 1 through 9
                        if(isValid(board, i, j, c)){
                            board[i][j] = c; //Put c for this cell
                            
                            if(solve(board))
                                return true; //If it's the solution return true
                            else
                                board[i][j] = '.'; //Otherwise go back
                        }
                    }
                    
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    private boolean isValid(char[][] board, int row, int col, char c){
        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            if(board[i][col] != '.' && board[i][col] == c) return false; //check row
            if(board[row][i] != '.' && board[row][i] == c) return false; //check column
            if(board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][ 3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] != '.' && 
board[3 * (row / 3) + i / 3][3 * (col / 3) + i % 3] == c) return false; //check 3*3 block
        }
        return true;
    }
}
 

class Solution:
    # @param board, a 9x9 2D array
    # Solve the Sudoku by modifying the input board in-place.
    # Do not return any value.
    def solveSudoku(self, board):
        self.board = board
        self.solve()
    
    def findUnassigned(self):
        for row in range(9):
            for col in range(9):
                if self.board[row][col] == ".":
                    return row, col
        return -1, -1
    
    def solve(self):
        row, col = self.findUnassigned()
        #no unassigned position is found, puzzle solved
        if row == -1 and col == -1:
            return True
        for num in ["1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"]:
            if self.isSafe(row, col, num):
                self.board[row][col] = num
                if self.solve():
                    return True
                self.board[row][col] = "."
        return False
            
    def isSafe(self, row, col, ch):
        boxrow = row - row%3
        boxcol = col - col%3
        if self.checkrow(row,ch) and self.checkcol(col,ch) and self.checksquare(boxrow, boxcol, ch):
            return True
        return False
    
    def checkrow(self, row, ch):
        for col in range(9):
            if self.board[row][col] == ch:
                return False
        return True
    
    def checkcol(self, col, ch):
        for row in range(9):
            if self.board[row][col] == ch:
                return False
        return True
       
    def checksquare(self, row, col, ch):
        for r in range(row, row+3):
            for c in range(col, col+3):
                if self.board[r][c] == ch:
                    return False
        return True